Co-ordination+compounds

Coordination Compounds PPT Presentation (parts) Final Final Draft: Due November 30, 2008 at midnight Link to final draft = = =~WE ARE DONE OUR ROUGH DRAFT. PLEASE CLICK ON "PROJECT_01" AND PROCEED TO "DRAFT FINAL"~  = = = = = =Synthesis of co-ordination compounds = Project outline[|Co-ordination compounds]

 Project_01

**Entry 3:**
===So from what I understand, a coordinate covalent bond is a covalent bond where electrons from ONE atom make the WHOLE bond. This can be done with a non-metal to create a substance that is similar to and ionic one. This allows particles such as H+ to form in compounds even though it doesn't have any electrons.===

**Entry 4:**
===I did some research and found the following information. i copied and pasted it into a word document since britannica online requires you to sign up or else it will annoy you with a popup on top of all the text. i copied and pasted as much text as i could, closed the popup, and repeated it a million times and recovered the following:===

**Entry 5:**
=== I get it now! === ===<span style="font-size: 50%; color: rgb(235, 117, 190);"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(187, 85, 221); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(231, 110, 155); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">    === ===<span style="font-size: 200%; color: rgb(192, 72, 229); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 50%; color: rgb(235, 117, 190);"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(187, 85, 221); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(231, 110, 155); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Basically a //coordinate covalent bond// is when an atom with a lone pair (when it's bonded) gives that lone pair to an atom missing two electrons so that it forms a bond. And this bond is totally indistinguishable from other bonds because they all look the same. === ===<span style="font-size: 200%; color: rgb(192, 72, 229); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 50%; color: rgb(235, 117, 190);"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(187, 85, 221); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(231, 110, 155); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">    === ===<span style="font-size: 200%; color: rgb(192, 72, 229); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 50%; color: rgb(235, 117, 190);"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(187, 85, 221); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(231, 110, 155); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">ANY reaction where that occurs can be called a coordinate covalent bond, which is just a fancy term that means what I just said above. === ===<span style="font-size: 200%; color: rgb(192, 72, 229); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 50%; color: rgb(235, 117, 190);"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(187, 85, 221); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(231, 110, 155); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">    === ===<span style="font-size: 200%; color: rgb(192, 72, 229); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 50%; color: rgb(235, 117, 190);"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(187, 85, 221); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(231, 110, 155); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">And a crystallization occurs because everything is grouped around an atom, and forms multiple bonds with the atom in the center AND each other. It's like this web of bonds. So that makes it crystalline, and they stack on top of each other to form a crystal. At least, I //think// that's how it works, because I haven't researched this at all. === ===<span style="font-size: 200%; color: rgb(192, 72, 229); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 50%; color: rgb(235, 117, 190);"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(187, 85, 221); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(231, 110, 155); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">    === ===<span style="font-size: 200%; color: rgb(192, 72, 229); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 50%; color: rgb(235, 117, 190);"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(187, 85, 221); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(231, 110, 155); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Now all we need to do is to find a compound that involves covalent bonding and crystallizes, and describe a procedure in which we can get the thing to actually crystallize. === ===<span style="font-size: 200%; color: rgb(192, 72, 229); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 50%; color: rgb(235, 117, 190);"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(187, 85, 221); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(231, 110, 155); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">    === ===<span style="font-size: 200%; color: rgb(192, 72, 229); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 50%; color: rgb(235, 117, 190);"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(187, 85, 221); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 204);">Angela Li   === ===<span style="font-size: 200%; color: rgb(192, 72, 229); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 50%; color: rgb(235, 117, 190);"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(187, 85, 221); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 204);">   === ===<span style="font-size: 200%; color: rgb(192, 72, 229); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 50%; color: rgb(235, 117, 190);"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(187, 85, 221); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 204);">   === ===<span style="font-size: 200%; color: rgb(192, 72, 229); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 50%; color: rgb(235, 117, 190);"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(187, 85, 221); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 204);">Omg...this colour is so cool. ===

<span style="color: rgb(0, 194, 230);">Entry 6:
===To crystalize a liquid substance I think can be done by leaving a string hanging over a container of whatever substance in the center. The substance will crystalize around the string and yeah. I know this can be done with sugar anyways.===

<span style="color: rgb(112, 90, 252);">Entry 7:
===<span style="color: rgb(243, 109, 183);"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(213, 61, 230);">I think I know what you're talking about. But doesn't that experiment involve putting the thing in water and waiting for the water to evaporate? How can we be sure that the water won't influence our experiment in any way? Because we'd have to leave it uncovered for the water to evaporate or heat it, and that will kill our experiment. ===

<span style="color: rgb(243, 109, 183);"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(213, 61, 230);">Angela Li
<span style="color: rgb(89, 137, 238);"><span style="color: rgb(206, 0, 255);">

Aidan Muller
<span style="color: rgb(222, 69, 155);">

Okay.
===Assuming that I'm right by saying that crystallization indicates coordinate covalent bonding if we can prove that lone pairs exist, etc, we have to say that since crystallization occurs, what we discovered therefore indicates coordinate covalent bonding. Because the whole point is to prove that it actually happened, no?===

<span style="color: rgb(222, 69, 155);">Entry 10:
==I remember doing an experiment awhile ago in elementary school with Borax. When you mix Borax together with boiling water, you get crystals. Would this be the same type of reaction we're talking about here? More details in the following sites:== http://britton.disted.camosun.bc.ca/snow/boraxsnowflake.html http://chemistry.about.com/cs/howtos/ht/boraxsnowflake.htm

<span style="color: rgb(0, 186, 255);">Entry 11:
<span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 209);">

<span style="color: rgb(163, 0, 209);">According to Wikipedia.com,

 * "Borax** is also known as **sodium borate**, **sodium tetraborate**, or **disodium tetraborate**, and is an important [|boron] compound, a [|mineral], and a [|salt] of [|boric acid]. It is usually a white powder (don't confuse with other white powders) consisting of soft colorless crystals that dissolve easily in water."

<span style="color: rgb(159, 0, 224);">Also,
<span style="color: rgb(69, 63, 136);"> <span style="color: rgb(69, 63, 136);">"The term //borax// is often used for a number of closely related minerals or chemical compounds that differ in their [|crystal water] content: <span style="color: rgb(69, 63, 136);">Borax is generally described as Na2B4O7·10H2O. However, it is better formulated as Na2[B4O5(OH)4]·8H2O, since borax contains the [B4O5(OH)4]2− ion. In this structure, there are two four-coordinate boron atoms (two BO4 tetrahedra) and two three-coordinate boron atoms (two BO3 triangles). <span style="color: rgb(69, 63, 136);">Borax is also easily converted to [|boric acid] and other [|borates], which have many applications. If left exposed to dry air, it slowly loses its [|water of hydration][|mineral] [|tincalconite] (Na2B4O7·5H2O). and becomes the white and chalky <span style="color: rgb(69, 63, 136);">When borax is added to a flame, it produces a bright orange color. This property has been tried in amateur fireworks, but borax in this use is not popular because its waters of hydration inhibit combustion of compositions and make it an inferior source of the sodium which is responsible for most of its flame color, and which overwhelms the green contributed to the flame by boron. <span style="color: rgb(69, 63, 136);">However, commercially available borax can be mixed with flammables such as methanol to give the characteristic green flame of boron when ignited, which then slowly gives way to the characteristic yellow-orange flame of the sodium."
 * <span style="color: rgb(69, 63, 136);">Anhydrous borax (Na2B4O7)
 * <span style="color: rgb(69, 63, 136);">Borax pentahydrate (Na2B4O7·5H2O)
 * <span style="color: rgb(69, 63, 136);">Borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7·10H2O)

<span style="color: rgb(167, 31, 255);">Does coordinate covalent bonding happen here when it crystallizes? We would have to prove that first.
<span style="color: rgb(167, 31, 255);">

<span style="color: rgb(167, 31, 255);">
===<span style="color: rgb(167, 31, 255);">Entry 12: Ok guys, so I just posted the Sources of Experimental Error on the draft page of the lab report. Please review it and make any necessary changes. -- Gorick ===