Chapter+Three+Chemical+Reactions

Definitions  __// Chemical change:** any change in which a new substance is formed
 * //__
 * Kinetic Molecular Theory:** a thgeory that states that all matter i smade up of particles in continious random motions; temperature is a measure of the average speed of the particles
 * Reactants:**a substance that participates in a chemical reaction and that is consumed during the reaction
 * Word Equation:** a representation of a chemical reaction using only the names of the chemicals involved
 * Chemical equation:** a representation of a chemical reaction that indicates the chemical formulas, relative number of entities, and states of matter of the reactants and products
 * Coefficient:** a whole number indicating the ratio molecules or formula units of each substance involved in a chemical reaction
 * Catalytic Converter:** a device that uses a catalyst to covert polutant molecules in vehicle exhaust to less harmful molecules
 * Catalyst:** a substance that speeds uo the rate of a reaction without undegoing permanant change itself
 * Law Of Conversation Of Mass:** the law stating that during a chemical reaction matter is neither breated nor destroyed
 * Combustion Reaction:**the reaction of a substance with ocygen, producing oxides and ebergy
 * Synthesis Reaction:** a chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex substance; also known as a combination reaction
 * Decompposition Reaction:** a chemical reaction in whihc a compound is broken down into two or more simpler substances
 * Green House Gas:** a theory stating that heat is trapped near Earth's surface by carbon dioxode gas, atomospheric water vapour and some other gases
 * Acid Rain:** any from of natural percipitation that has an abnormally high acidity
 * Thermal Decomposition:** a decomposition reaction that occurs when the reactant is heated
 * Single Displacement Reaction:** the reaction of an element with a compound to produce a new element and a new compound
 * Activity Series:** a list of elements arranged in oreder of theire reactivity, based om empirical evidence gatherede from single displacement reactions
 * Alloy:** a homogeneous mixture (a solution) of two or more metals
 * Galvanization:** coating iron or steel with zinc to prevent rusting
 * Double Displacement Reaction:** a reaction in which aqueous ionic compounds reaarange cations and anions, resulting in the formation of new compounds
 * Solute:** a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution (e.g., salt, NaCl)
 * Solvent:** the medium in which a solute is dissolved; often the liquid component of a slution (e.g., water)
 * Solubillity:** a property of a solute; concentration of a saturated solution of a solute in a solvent at a specific temperature and pressure
 * Precipitate:** form a low-solubility solid from a solution (verb); the solid is formed in a chemical reaction or by decreased solubility (noun)
 * Neutralization:** a double displacement reaction between an acid and a base to produce an ionic compound (a salt) and usually water



A new substance is formed:
 * change colour
 * formation of bubbles (one of the product is gas)
 * ordour = smell
 * heat or light is given out (exchange energy)
 * precipitate (solid product)

__Word Equation__ a) Nitrogen + Hydrogen -> Ammonia N² + H² > NH³ Skeleton Equation N² + 3 H² > 2 NH³ Balanced Equation 3 and 2 are Coefficient

b) Copper + Silver nitrate -> Silver + Copper (II) Nitrate Cu (s) + 2AgNO³ (aq) --> 2Ag (s) + Cu(NO³)² (aq) aq= aqueous -> dissolved in water

c) Methane Oxygen --> Carbonate Water CH⁴(g) + 2O²(g) ---> CO²(g) + 2H²O(l) + Heat

1.) Combustion 2.) Synthesis 3.) Decomposition 4.) Double Displacement 5.) Single Displacement
 * __Types of Reaction__**

[|5 Types of Reactions]

Exothermic = Heat is produced Endothermic= Heat is absorbed (cold)


 * __Combustion Reactions__**

Fuel+ Oxygen --> Products + Heat

Ethane+Oxygen --> CO2+H20+Heat C2H6(g) + O2(g) -> CO2+H2O

Balanced Equation 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) -> 4CO2+6H2O


 * //__Synthesis Reactions__//**


 * A chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a more complex substance**.

A + B ---> AB**
 * Element + Element --> Compound

Nitrogen + Oxygen ---> Nitrogen monoxide N2 (g) + O2 (g) ---> 2NO (g)

2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) ---> 2NaCl


 * //__Decomposition Reactions__//

A chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into two or more simpler substances.

Compound ---> Element + Element AB ---> A + B**

Sodium Chloride ---> Sodium + Chlorine 2 NaCl (l) ---> 2Na (l) + Cl2 (g)

Nitrogen monoxide ---> Nitrogen + Oxygen 2NO (g) ---> N2 (g) + O2 (g)


 * //__Single Displacement Reactions__

The reaction of an element with a compound to produce a new element and a new compound.//**

A + BC --> AC + B**
 * Element + Compound --> New element + New compound

Mg (s) + CuSO4 (aq) ---> Cu (s) + MgSO4 (aq) Magnesium is more reactive than Copper, therefore displaces Cu from CuSO4 or Cu (s).

ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s) --> This reaction will not take place Cu is lessreactive, therefore it cannot displace Zn from ZnSO4 or Zn is more reactive.


 * //__Double Displacement Reactions__//**


 * A reaction in which aqueous ionic compounds rearrange cations and anions, resulting in the formation of new compounds.

Compound + Compound --> New compound + New compound AB + CD ---> AD + CB**

Lead Nitrate + Potassium Iodide ---> Lead Iodide + Potassium Nitrate Pb(NO3)2 + KI ---> PbI2 + KNO3

Barium Nitrate + Sodium Sulphate ---> Barium Sulphate + Sodium Nitrate Ba(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 ---> BaSO4 + NaNO3


 * //__Net Ionic Equations__//**

The net ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous barium chloride and aqueous sodium sulfate.