Types+of+Reactions+notes

=Types of Reactions= Worksheets 1 Worksheet 2

> In a synthesis reaction two or more chemical species combine to form a more complex product. > > A + B ----> AB > > The combination of iron and sulfur to form iron (II) sulfide is an example of a synthesis reaction: > > 8 Fe + S8 ----> 8 FeS
 * **Synthesis Reaction**

> In a decomposition reaction a compound is broken into smaller chemical species. > > AB ---> A + B > > The electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen gas is an example of a decomposition reaction: > > 2 H2O ---> 2 H2 + O2
 * **Decomposition Reaction**

> A substitution or single displacement reaction is characterized by one element being displaced from a compound by another element. > > A + BC ---> AC + B > > An example of a substitution reaction occurs when zinc combines with hydrochloric acid. The zinc replaces the hydrogen: > > Zn + 2 HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
 * **Single Displacement**

> In a double displacement or metathesis reaction two compounds exchange bonds or ions in order to form different compounds. > > AB + CD ---> AD + CB > > An example of a double displacement reaction occurs between sodium chloride and silver nitrate to form sodium nitrate and silver chloride. > > NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) ---> NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)
 * **Double Displacement Reaction**

> An acid-base reaction is type of double displacement reaction that occurs between an acid and a base. The H+ ion in the acid reacts with the OH- ion in the base to form water and an ionic salt: > > HA + BOH ---> H2O + BA > > The reaction between hydrobromic acid (HBr) and sodium hydroxide is an example of an acid-base reaction: > > HCl + NaOH ---> NaCl + H2O
 * **Neutralization Reaction or Acid-Base Reaction**

> A combustion reaction is a type of redox reaction in which a combustible material combines with an oxidizer to form oxidized products and generate heat (exothermic reaction ). Usually in a combustion reaction oxygen combines with another compound to form carbon dioxide and water. An example of a combustion reaction is the burning of naphthalene: > > C10H8 + 12 O2 ----> 10 CO2 + 4 H2O
 * **Combustion**

> In an isomerization reaction, the stuctural arrangement of a compound is changed but its net atomic composition remains the same.
 * **Isomerization**

> A hydrolysis reaction involves water. The general form for a hydrolysis reaction is: > > X-(aq) + H2O(l) <--> HX(aq) + OH-(aq)
 * **Hydrolysis Reaction**

> In a redox reaction the oxidation numbers of atoms are changed. Redox reactions may involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species. > > The reaction that occurs when In which I2 is reduced to I- and S2O32- (thiosulfate anion) is oxidized to S4O62- provides an example of a redox reaction: > > 2 S2O32−(aq) + I2(aq) ---> S4O62−(aq) + 2 I−(aq)
 * **Oxidation-Reduction or Redox Reaction**